A canonical correlation measures the relationship between sets of multiple variables (this is multivariate statistic and is beyond the scope of this discussion).ДЄn extension of the simple correlation is regression. A sample research question for a simple correlation is, вЂњ What is the relationship between height and arm span?вЂќ A sample answer is, вЂњThere is a relationship between height and arm span, r(34)=.87, p<.05.вЂќ You may wish to review the instructor notes for correlations. While other types of relationships with other types of variables exist, we will not cover them in this class. In our class we used Pearson вЂs r which measures a linear relationship between two continuous variables. The variables have equal status and are not considered independent variables or dependent variables.

A simple correlation measures the relationship between two variables. Sometimes we wish to know if there is a relationship between two variables. Suffices to say, multivariate statistics (of which MANOVA is a member) can be rather complicated. In this case we do a MANOVA ( Multiple ANalysis Of VAriance). Sometimes we have several independent variables and several dependent variables. One or More Independent Variables (With Two or More Levels Each) and More Than One Dependent Variable The answers to the research questions are similar to the answer provided for the one-way ANOVA, only there are three of them. Is there an interaction between gender and political party affiliation regarding opinions about a tax cut?ДЄ two-way ANOVA has three null hypotheses, three alternative hypotheses and three answers to the research question. Sample Research Questions for a Two-Way ANOVA:Дo Democrats, Republicans, and Independents differ on their opinion about a tax cut?Дo males and females differ on their opinion about a tax cut? A two-way ANOVA has three research questions: One for each of the two independent variables and one for the interaction of the two independent variables. These ANOVA still only have one dependent variable (e.g., attitude about a tax cut). political party and gender), a three-way ANOVA has three independent variables (e.g., political party, gender, and education status), etc. A two-way ANOVA has two independent variable (e.g. More Than One Independent Variable (With Two or More Levels Each) and One Dependent VariableДЄNOVAs can have more than one independent variable. The one-way ANOVA has one independent variable (political party) with more than two groups/levels (Democrat, Republican, and Independent) and one dependent variable (attitude about a tax cut). A sample research question is, вЂњ Do Democrats, Republicans, and Independents differ on their option about a tax cut?вЂќ A sample answer is, вЂњDemocrats ( M=3.56, SD=.56) are less likely to favor a tax cut than Republicans ( M=5.67, SD=.60) or Independents ( M=5.34, SD=.45), F(2,120)=5.67, p<.05.вЂќ. In other words, if we have one independent variable (with three or more groups/levels) and one dependent variable, we do a one-way ANOVA. If the independent variable (e.g., political party affiliation) has more than two levels (e.g., Democrats, Republicans, and Independents) to compare and we wish to know if they differ on a dependent variable (e.g., attitude about a tax cut), we need to do an ANOVA ( ANalysis Of VAriance). One Independent Variable (With More Than Two Levels) and One Dependent Variable You may wish to review the instructor notes for t tests.

An example of a t test research question is вЂњ Is there a significant difference between the reading scores of boys and girls in sixth grade?вЂќ A sample answer might be, вЂњBoys ( M=5.67, SD=.45) and girls ( M=5.76, SD=.50) score similarly in reading, t(23)=.54, p>.05.вЂќ Remember, a t test can only compare the means of two groups (independent variable, e.g., gender) on a single dependent variable (e.g., reading score). In order to calculate a t test, we need to know the mean, standard deviation, and number of subjects in each of the two groups. When we wish to know whether the means of two groups (one independent variable (e.g., gender) with two levels (e.g., males and females) differ, a t test is appropriate. One Independent Variable (With Two Levels) and One Dependent Variable While EPSY 5601 is not intended to be a statistics class, some familiarity with different statistical procedures is warranted. The appropriate statistical procedure depends on the research question(s) we are asking and the type of data we collected.

(and other things that go bump in the night)ДЄ variety of statistical procedures exist.

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